Mughal administration post, mansabdari system, currency system of Mughal era, land administration, revenue and money settlement

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Mughal administration post, mansabdari system, currency system of Mughal era, land administration, revenue and money settlement

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   Mughal administration system

    Post Mughal administration system, Mansabdari system, Currency system of Mughal era, Land administration, Revenue and money settlement.

 

Administration System

• The Council of Ministers was called Vizrat. 
• Mir was the head of the domestic department of the same emperor. 
• The smallest unit of administration was the village which was called Mavda [Bastia] or Dih .
• Aurangzeb adopted the Naxa system during his reign and reduced the amount of land revenue to half the yield.  

Mughal post

1. King

• There was a centre of all the powers, the emperors were democratic and hereditary. 
• Abul-Faz called the emperor  Farr-e-Ejadi [the light of God]. 

       2. Diwan / Wazir [Finance Minister]

• At the time of Aurangzeb, Asad Khan served as the Diwan for the most 31 years.  
• During the reign of Babur, the post of Wazir was quite important.
• The royal Diwan of the Mughal period and his designation are as follows -

     → Diwan - A - Khalsa - The head of the Khalsa land, which is under the control of the emperor. 

     → Diwan - e-Zagir - the head of the land. 

     → Diwan - e - Vayukat - Head of the royal factories.
     → Diwan - A - body - caretaker of salary.

     → Mushrif - It used to be the Accountant General. → Mustafi- Inspector→ Khansama     / Khan - e - Sama - used to fulfil the need in the royal palace.      → Sadr - Us-Sudur and Qazi-ul-Kujat - Head of religious and judicial affairs.      → Daroga - A - Dakchoki - Head of intelligence and postal department.      → Mir-e-Bakshi -This post belongs to the Minister of Defense, who used to sign salakhat only when the soldiers were paid.     → Muhtasib -This post was implemented by Aurangzeb. And it looked after religious practices.

     At the time of Jahangir, there were two - Aspa and Singh - Aspa. This post was first given to Mahavat Khan. 


Mansabdari system -

• It used to be a post in the Mughal period. 
• This arrangement Akbar Mngolo had learned from. 
• Abulfjl it was   33  was divided into Kramer. 
• Mansab had two posts, the first caste which mentioned the salary and rank of the person, the second was the rider, which described the number of horsemen.
• 50 Mnsb 10 Mansabdar from 500 in 2500 Mnsb is the rich more than 2500 Mnsb the rich - A - Fine   was called | 
• During the reign of Akbar, there were 29 Mansabdars who held the rank of 5000 Jat, till the time of Aurangzeb, this number was 79.
• The first order of the Mansabdars - those who used to be castes and riders. 
• Second-order Mansabdars - whose riders were half of the caste. 
• Third-order Mansabdars - riders were less than half of the caste.
• Jahangir has described Dupa-Asfa as double horse and Si-Aspa as a triple horse. 
• Wealthy posts were in very small numbers, which were given land, whose names were Irani, Turani Afghani, Sheikhzade, Khanzade, etc. These were provided from the ground centre.

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•   Land Administration

• Khalsa was the land under the control of the Central Government. 
• The manor was a large area over which a person ruled. 
• Madha- e - Masha or  Syuragal used to be reserved for religious persons. 
• Payabaki land was reserved for providing in jagirs.

Geopolitical system -

• In Mughal land administration, the system of revenue was the main source of income.
• Akbar was the first to measure land in Mughal forest. 
• The Elahi yard was a scale of land measurement that was  29 -32    inches, it was smaller than the Sikandari yard , it was 39  inches. 
• In those days tanab was used for measuring land. Which used to be pieces of bamboo. This measurement system was called Zarib . 

Type of land -

1. Polaj - which was a very fertile land which was always cultivated. 
2. Fallow - It was cultivated at intervals of one or two years. 
3. Chachar - It was cultivated at intervals of three or four years.  
4. Barren - It was not a cultivable land, it was not charged on the rent.

Currency system of Mughal period -

• During Aurangzeb's time, the highest amount of money was minted. 
• Anna coin was introduced by Shah Jahan.
• Jahangir drew his own figure on the coin, in which he inscribed his name and Nur Jahan 's name. 
• The largest coin was Sansab . The most prevalent gold coin was Elahi. 
• Silver was the basis of the Mughal economy. 
• The price of copper was used forgiving. There were 40 prices in one rupee. 

Note -    Todarmal runs a system Ain-e-Dahsala which is related to the land's Japti system.

There were two stages of tax assessment, one was called Takhasis and the other was Tehsil.